II: Income tax

Articles in this section · 16

Article 194

French General Tax CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

I. The number of units to be taken into account for the division of taxable income provided for in Article 193 is determined in accordance with the following provisions:

FAMILY STATUS

NUMBER OF UNITS

Single, divorced or widowed with no dependent children

1

Married with no dependent children

2

Single or divorced with one dependent child

1,5

Married or widowed with one dependent child

2,5

Single or divorced with two dependent children

2

Married or widowed with two dependent children

3

Single or divorced with three dependent children

3

Married or widowed with three dependent dependent children

4

Single or divorced with four dependent children.

4

Married or widowed with four dependent children

5

Single or divorced with five dependent children

5

Married or widowed with five dependent children

6

Single or divorced with six dependent children

6

and so on, increasing by one share for each dependent child of the taxpayer.

When the spouses are taxed separately pursuant to Article 6(4), each of them is considered to be a single person with responsibility for the children for whose maintenance he or she is primarily responsible. In this situation, as well as in the event of divorce, termination of a civil solidarity pact or any de facto separation of unmarried parents, the child is considered, until proven otherwise, to be dependent on the parent with whom he or she resides on a principal basis.

In the event of alternating residence at the home of each of the parents and unless otherwise provided for in the divorce agreement referred to in article 229-1 of the Civil Code, the agreement approved by the judge, the court decision or, where applicable, the agreement between the parents, the minor children are deemed to be equally dependent on one and the other parent. This presumption may be set aside if it is justified that one of them assumes the main responsibility for the children.

When the children are deemed to be equally dependent on each parent, they give entitlement to an increase of :

a) 0.25 part for each of the first two and 0.5 part from the third, where the taxpayer does not otherwise have sole or main responsibility for any children;

b) 0.25 part for the first and 0.5 part from the second, where the taxpayer otherwise has sole or main responsibility for one child;

c) 0.5 part for each of the children, where the taxpayer otherwise has sole or main responsibility for at least two children.

For the application of the provisions of the first paragraph, persons considered to be dependent on the taxpayer by virtue of article 196 A bis.

II. For the taxation of single or divorced taxpayers living alone, the number of units provided for in I is increased by 0.5 when they are solely or mainly responsible for at least one child. Where they are solely supporting children whose care is deemed to be equally shared with the other parent, the increase is 0.25 for a single child and 0.5 if there are two or more children. These provisions apply notwithstanding any alimony paid under a divorce agreement by mutual consent filed with a notary or a court order for the maintenance of the said children.

Mariela Petrova

Need help applying this article to your situation?

A registered French Lawyer explains what applies to your business — in English, fixed fee.

within 48h

Fixed Fee

Talk to a lawyer
Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

English · French · Russian

Ready When You Are

Talk To A Corporate
Lawyer In France.

A 20–30 minute call, in English, to scope the engagement. No obligation, no preliminary fee. You will leave the call with a clear view of what the work will cover and what it will cost.

First EngagementFixed Fee

Talk to a French lawyer.

Reply within 24 hours.

Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

Continue Reading

Related corporate services in France

01 / Setup

Setting up a French company

Choose between SAS, SARL, SA or SCI — and structure your first French entity around how you actually plan to operate.

Read More
02 / Operating

French commercial contracts

Distribution, agency, supply, services and IP licences — drafted around the protections French law actually gives.

Read More
03 / Disputes

Business disputes & litigation

Shareholder conflicts, commercial breaches and pre-litigation strategy — handled by the same team that knows the file.

Read More