VII: Sole trader and limited liability entrepreneur

Articles in this section · 1

Article 1655 sexies

French General Tax CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

1. For the application of this code and its appendices, with the exception of 2 of article 206, 5° of 1 of article 635 and article 638 A, the sole trader referred to in articles L. 526-22 et seq. of the commercial code who does not benefit from the schemes defined in articles 50-0,64 bis and 102 ter of this code may opt to be treated as a single-member limited liability company or a limited liability agricultural holding of which this trader acts as sole shareholder. When the option is exercised, article 151 sexies applies to the assets used to carry on the business. The liquidation of the sole proprietorship then has the same tax consequences as the cessation of the business and the cancellation of the corporate rights of a sole proprietorship with limited liability or a farm with limited liability.

2. For the application of this code and its annexes, with the exception of 2 of Article 206, 5° of 1 of Article 635 and Article 638 A, a sole trader who carries on his business as part of a sole proprietorship with limited liability not benefiting from the schemes defined in Articles 50-0,64 bisand 102 ter may opt to be treated in the same way as a single-member company with limited liability or an agricultural holding with limited liability whose person mentioned in the article L. 526-6 of the French Commercial Code takes the place of the sole shareholder. When the option is exercised, article 151 sexies applies to the assets required to carry out his professional activity. The liquidation of the sole proprietorship with limited liability then has the same tax consequences as the cessation of the business and the cancellation of the corporate rights of a sole proprietorship with limited liability or a farm with limited liability.

3. The options mentioned in 1 and 2, exercised under conditions set by decree, are irrevocable and constitute an option for corporation tax.

The company may, however, waive the option for corporation tax under the conditions mentioned in the third paragraph of 1 of Article 239. Subject to the provisions of Article 221 bis, the revocation of this option entails the tax consequences provided for in the second paragraph of 2 of Article 221.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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