Section II: Educational assistance

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Article 1184

French Code of civil procedureIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

The provisional measures provided for in the first paragraph of

article 375-5

of the Civil Code, as well as the information measures provided for in

article 1183

of this code, may only be taken, except in the case of a specially-reasoned emergency, if the hearing prescribed by

article 1182

, of each of the parents, the guardian, the person or representative of the service to whom the child has been entrusted and the minor capable of discernment.

Where the placement has been ordered as a matter of urgency by the judge without the parties being heard, the judge shall summon them to a date which may not be fixed beyond a period of fifteen days from the decision, failing which the minor shall, at their request, be returned to his parents or guardian, or to the person or service to which he was entrusted.

When the matter is referred to the judge, in accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph of article 375-5 of the Civil Code, by the public prosecutor who has ordered a provisional placement measure as a matter of urgency, the judge shall summon the parties and shall rule within a period that may not exceed fifteen days from the date of referral, failing which the minor shall be returned, at their request, to his parents or guardian, or to the person or service to which he was entrusted.

If urgency so requires, provisional measures may also be taken, without prejudice to the provisions of the second paragraph of article 375-5 of the Civil Code, by the children's judge of the place where the minor was found, on condition that he relinquishes jurisdiction within one month in favour of the territorially competent judge.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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