SAS

April 15, 2026SAS

What to Include in Your SAS Articles of Associations

In a SARL or SA, the statute fills most governance gaps. In a SAS, silence in the articles creates a legal void — not a statutory fallback. The articles are the

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April 15, 2026SAS

Using a French SAS as a Holding Company

The SAS is the dominant vehicle for French holding structures. Its unique ability to appoint a legal entity as president, combined with its contractual governan

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April 15, 2026SAS

The Hidden Risks of Poorly Drafted SAS Bylaws

The SAS's contractual freedom is its greatest strength — and, for founders who underestimate it, its most dangerous feature. Unlike the SARL or SA, a silent SAS

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April 15, 2026SAS

Shareholder Exclusion and Lock-Up Clauses in a French SAS: What Is Legally Possible

The SAS gives founders more tools to control who holds shares — and for how long — than any other French company form. Inalienability lock-ups, pre-emption righ

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Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.